Mount Sneffels above a valley of golden aspens in Colorado's San Juan Mountains

Colorado ballot returns, updated daily through Election Day

Through Election Day on November 3, we track statewide ballot returns from the Secretary of State’s daily reports and compare them with 2022 and 2018 at the same number of days out: the share of active voters who have returned a ballot, the party breakdown, and whether turnout is running ahead of or behind the last two midterms.

Share of active voters who have returned a ballot The first Secretary of State daily report is expected about October 19. The count appears here as soon as it is published.

Polling and survey research for Colorado and the Mountain West

Keating Research is a Denver survey research firm. Since 2010 we have polled for candidates, ballot measures, foundations, and institutions, and our final numbers hold up against the results.

  • Founded 2010
  • Hybrid, text-to-web, and live phone surveys
  • Voter-file sampling and weighting
Recent public poll
Colorado voters on the state’s water future
  • Colorado lacks an adequate water supply to meet future needs

    59%
  • The state must prioritize conservation on farms, ranches, and in communities so rivers and streams keep healthy flows

    57%
  • Prefer negotiated agreements among the states over letting the federal government or courts decide Colorado’s water rights

    78%
Hybrid phone and online survey of 800 likely 2026 Colorado voters for Conserve and Protect Our Water, December 1–7, 2025, margin of error ±3.8 points. Read the memo (PDF).

Services

Every project is custom. We write the questionnaire with you, field it the way the population calls for, and deliver a report you can act on within days of the last interview.

Polling and survey research

Benchmark and tracking surveys of voters and residents. Hybrid, text-to-web, and live-interviewer phone surveys, sampled from the voter file so the people we reach are the people who decide.

  • Ballot measure feasibility and vote-share modeling
  • Candidate benchmarks and tracking
  • Resident and stakeholder surveys for institutions

Message testing and narrative development

We test the arguments for and against, find the words that move people, and develop the winning narrative before the ads air, so your campaign spends on what works.

  • Argument and message-frame testing
  • Pre- and post-exposure ad tests
  • Opposition attack and response testing

Focus groups

In-person and online groups across Colorado and the Mountain West, moderated by Chris Keating, with verbatim reporting that shows how real people talk about the issue.

  • Issue exploration ahead of a questionnaire
  • Ad and mail testing with target audiences
  • Dial testing

Electorate modeling and targeting

Turnout models, weighting targets, and persuadable universes built from the voter file, so your poll and your field program describe the same electorate.

  • Likely-voter and turnout models by district and county
  • Persuasion and mobilization audiences matched to the voter file
  • Custom crosstabs and data delivery for your analytics team

Track record

Our final pre-election polls next to the certified results. Judge the work for yourself.

Bond results are the certified Denver vote. Poll figures are the yes vote including leaners from the last tracking survey that asked each measure: Tracking Poll #3 (October 27–28, n=400) for 2A and 2D, and Tracking Poll #2 (October 13–15, n=500) for 2B, 2C, and 2E.

Clients

We work with four kinds of clients. The standard is the same for each: research that is right, on time, and readable by the person who has to make the call.

Ballot measure campaigns

From feasibility through election day: can it pass, with what language, and with what narrative.

  • Vibrant Denver bond package, 2A–2E (2025)
  • Yes on Denver Referendum 310 (2025), flavored tobacco
  • Yes on Propositions LL and MM (2025), Healthy School Meals funding
  • Yes on Denver 2Q (2024), Denver Health funding
  • Yes on Proposition 123 (2022), affordable housing
  • Yes on Proposition FF (2022), Healthy School Meals
  • No on Proposition 119 (2021)
  • Yes on Proposition DD (2019), state water projects

Candidates

Benchmarks, tracking, and message tests for statewide, congressional, and municipal races.

  • Congressman Joe Neguse
  • Denver Mayor Mike Johnston
  • Manny Rutinel for CO-08
  • Adam Frisch for CO-03
  • Governor John Hickenlooper
  • Denver Mayor Michael Hancock

Public affairs and institutions

Attitude tracking and issue research for companies, universities, and public agencies.

  • University of Colorado Boulder
  • City of Aurora
  • Town of Crested Butte
  • Denver Public Schools

Foundations and advocates

Research that shapes a policy agenda and tests how to talk about it.

  • Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids
  • Caring for Denver Foundation
  • Stand for Children
  • Conserve and Protect Our Water
  • Unite America
  • 314 Action
  • COLOR Action Fund
  • Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids
  • Mike Johnston for Mayor
  • Manny Rutinel for Colorado

Public polling

Memos we and our clients have released. Reporters and researchers are welcome to cite them with attribution; the methodology statement is in each memo.

  • Colorado Water Poll, December 2025

    Statewide hybrid survey of 800 likely 2026 voters for Conserve and Protect Our Water on water supply, conservation, and interstate negotiation. Fielded December 1–7, 2025, margin of error ±3.8 points.

    Memo (PDF)   Topline (PDF)

How we poll

Sampling
Registered-voter samples drawn from the current voter file, stratified by geography, party, age, and vote history.
Modes
Hybrid phone and online, text-to-web, and live-interviewer phone surveys, mixed to reach the people phones alone now miss.
Weighting
Weighted to a modeled likely electorate for the specific election, built from turnout history.
Reporting
A written memo in plain English, a topline, and full crosstabs.

About

Keating Research is based in Denver. You work directly with the people who design, field, and analyze your research.

Chris Keating

Chris Keating, PhD

President and founder

Chris Keating has conducted survey research in Colorado since the 1990s and founded Keating Research in 2010. He writes questionnaires and reports to be understood by the person who has to use them, and has led thousands of survey and focus group projects for campaigns, foundations, and institutions. Before founding the firm he was Vice President at Harstad Strategic Research and Research Director at Talmey-Drake Research.

He holds a PhD in economics from the University of Illinois and a BA in political science from Northwestern University, and has lived in Colorado since 1995.

Spencer Keating

Spencer Keating

Vice President

Spencer runs the firm’s data and methods work: questionnaire design, sampling and weighting, turnout and electorate modeling, and voter-file targeting. He builds the firm’s analysis tools in R and Python and delivers the toplines, crosstabs, and models clients use on election night and after.

He keeps the firm current on survey methods, sampling, and the changing ways voters can be reached. He holds a BA from Dartmouth College.

Contact

Tell us what decision you need to make and when.